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Alexis or Aleksei I Mikhailovich 1629-76
Second Romanov Tsar of Russia

He was born in Moscow, and succeeded his father Michael Romanov in 1645. Personally abstemious and benevolent, he had great interest in western culture and technology. Abroad, he waged war against Poland (1654-67), regaining Smolensk and Kiev, while at home his attempts to place the Orthodox Church under secular authority brought him into conflict with the patriarch, Nikon. His new code of laws (1649) legitimized peasant serfdom in Russia and he generally strengthened the centralizing autocracy. He suppressed a great peasant revolt led by Stenka Razin (1670-71). His son became Peter I, the Great.