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Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich 1814-76
Russian revolutionary

Born near Moscow, of aristocratic descent, he took part in the German revolutionary movement (1848-49) and was condemned to death. Sent to Siberia in 1855, he escaped to Japan, and arrived in England in 1861. In 1870 he attempted an abortive rising at Lyons. As a leading anarchist he was the opponent of Karl Marx in the Communist International, but at the Hague Congress in 1872 he was outvoted and expelled. He believed that Communism, with its theoretical 'withering away of the state', was an essential step towards anarchism.

Bibliography: E H Carr, Mikhail Bakunin (1937)