Brougham and Vaux, Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron 1778-1868
Scottish jurist and politician

Born in Edinburgh, he went Edinburgh University aged 14, and in 1802 co-founded the influential Edinburgh Review, to which he was a prolific contributor. Aware that his Liberal views were ahead of their time for Scotland, he moved to London, was called to the Bar in 1808, and entered Parliament in 1810. As a barrister, his greatest triumph was the successful defence of Queen Caroline of Brunswick in 1820, and, as Lord Chancellor from 1830, he was one of the greatest reformers of the courts, establishing the judicial committee of the Privy Council and the Central Criminal Court, though he was unsuccessful in his efforts to establish what is now the county-court system. In 1834 he enraged King William IV by taking the Great Seal with him on a tour and using it as the centrepiece of a house party game. His three-volume Life and Times, written in old age and published posthumously in 1871, is unreliable. The brougham carriage was named after him.