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Innocent XIII, original name Michelangelo dei Conti 1655-1724
Italian pope

A former papal ambassador to Switzerland and Portugal and a cardinal from 1706, he became pope in 1721. He invested the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI with sovereignty over Naples (1721), and recognized James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) as King of England and promised him subsidies if he returned England to Roman Catholicism. Although he was hostile towards the Jansenists, he was also distrustful of the Jesuits, taking particular issue with modified 'Chinese rites' which they employed with some success to attract converts in Asia.