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John XXII, originally Jacques Dučse c.1245-1334
French pope
Born in Cahors, he studied canon and civil law at Paris and Orleans, and was the second Pope of Avignon (1316-34). Following his persecution of the Franciscan Spirituals who did not agree with his support of the Franciscan Conventuals, he intervened in the contest for the Crown of the Holy Roman Empire between Louis the Bavarian and Frederick of Austria, in support of the latter. A long conflict ensued both in Germany and Italy between the Guelf (papal) Party and the Ghibelline (imperial) Party. In 1327 Louis entered Italy, was crowned emperor at Rome, deposed John, and set up an antipope, Nicholas V (1328).
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Consult Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, The Chambers Thesaurus (1996) or Chambers Biographical Dictionary (1997 edition with amendments). Enter your search and choose your title from the drop-down menu.
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