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Juan Carlos I 1938-
King of Spain

Born in Rome, Italy, the grandson of Alfonso XIII, he spent his childhood in Rome and Spain. In 1954 Don Juan de Borbón (his father and third son of Alfonso) and General Franco agreed that Juan Carlos should take precedence over his father as pretender. He trained in the armed forces (1957-59) and was formally named by Franco as the future king (1969). He became king on Franco's death (1975), and has presided over a gradual return to democracy, despite internal political difficulties reflected in two attempted coups. In 1962 he married Sofia (1938- ), elder daughter of King Paul of the Hellenes. They have two daughters, Elena (1963- ) and Cristina (1965- ), and a son, Felipe (1968- ), Prince of Asturias.

Bibliography: Charles T Powell, Juan Carlos of Spain: Self-Made Monarch (1996)