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Mary of Modena, née d'Este 1658-1718
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
Born in Modena, the only daughter of Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena, she married James, Duke of York (1672), later James VII and II. Proud, dignified and devout, after losing five children in infancy, she gave birth in 1688 to James Francis Edward Stuart (the future Old Pretender). This was received with scepticism, and the 'warming pan' legend was born. When William of Orange (the future William III) landed in England later that year, she escaped to France with her infant son, to be joined there later by her deposed husband. She spent the rest of her life at St Germain.
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Chambers Biographical Dictionary
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Consult Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, The Chambers Thesaurus (1996) or Chambers Biographical Dictionary (1997 edition with amendments). Enter your search and choose your title from the drop-down menu.
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