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Michael Romanov 1596-1645
Tsar of Russia

The great-nephew of Ivan IV, the Terrible, he was the founder of the Romanov dynasty, which ruled Russia until the Revolution of 1917. He was elected tsar (1613-45) by the boyars after a successful revolt against the Poles, when Russia was threatened with invasion from Sweden, and he brought an end to the Time of Troubles (1605-13). He concluded peace with Sweden (1617) and Poland (1618). He left government to his father, the patriarch Filaret, who reorganized the army and industry, improved finances, consolidated the system of serfdom, and increased contacts with western Europe. Michael was succeeded by his son Alexis.