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Mössbauer, Rudolf Ludwig 1929-
German physicist and Nobel Prize winner

Born in Munich, he was educated at the Technical University in Munich, and carried out postgraduate research at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg before receiving his PhD from the Technical University in 1958. He has held professorships there and at the California Insititute of Technology (Caltech) since 1961. Before completing his PhD, he observed what is known as the 'Mössbauer effect', the narrow resonance in the energy spectrum produced when the whole of the nuclear lattice, rather than just one nuclei, recoils from gamma radiation. The effect has been used to test Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, to study the properties of nuclei and as an analytical tool in chemistry and biology. Mössbauer shared the 1961 Nobel Prize for physics with Robert Hofstadter for research into atomic structure.