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Philippa of Hainault c.1314-1369
Queen of England

On her marriage to her second cousin Edward III at York (1327), she took Flemish weavers to England, encouraged coal-mining, and made the French poet and historian Jean Froissart her secretary. She is said to have roused the English troops before the defeat of the Scots at Neville's Cross (1346), and to have interceded (1347) with Edward for mercy for the Burgesses of Calais. The Queen's College, Oxford, founded by Philippa's chaplain (1341), was named after her.