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Sommerfeld, Arnold 1868-1951
German physicist

Born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), he was educated at the University of Königsberg and appointed as professor at the universities of Clausthal (1897), Aachen (1900) and Munich (1906). With Felix Klein he developed the theory of the gyroscope. He researched into wave spreading in wireless telegraphy, and generalized the quantization rules developed by Niels Bohr so that Bohr's quantum model of the atom could be applied to multi-electron atoms. He also evolved a theory of the electron in the metallic state.