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Alpher, Ralph Asher 1921-
US physicist

Born in Washington DC, he studied at George Washing-ton University, spent World War II as a civilian physicist and later worked at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and in industry. Together with Hans Bethe and George Gamow, he proposed in 1948 the 'alpha, beta, gamma' theory which suggests that the abundances of chemical elements are the result of thermonuclear processes in the early universe. These ideas later became part of the 'Big Bang' model of the universe. Also in 1948, he predicted that a hot Big Bang must have produced intense electromagnetic radiation, and this background radiation was in fact observed in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.