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Carol I 1839-1914
King of Romania

Born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, he was elected Prince of Romania (1866) after the deposition of Alexandru Cuza and became Romania's first king (1881). He promoted urban industrial development and military expansion, but failed to deal with rural problems, and brutally crushed a peasant rebellion (1907). He married (1869) Princess Elizabeth of Wied, a prolific writer under the pseudonym Carmen Sylva. At the outset of World War I, King Carol declared Romanian neutrality, but his successor (his nephew King Ferdinand I) declared for the Allies (1916).