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Clement VII, originally Guilio de' Medici 1478-1534
Italian pope

Born in Florence, he became pope from 1523 and allied himself with Francis I of France against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, whose troops sacked Rome in 1527, and for a while became the prisoner of the Constable Bourbon. His indecisiveness, along with his refusal to sanction Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, hastened the Reformation. A patron of artists and scholars, he was a cousin of Pope Leo X.