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Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, known as the Butcher 1721-65
English military commander
The third son of George II and Caroline of Ansbach, he was created duke in 1726. He was defeated at Fontenoy by Marshal Saxe in 1745, but nevertheless was sent to crush the 1745 Jacobite Rising in Scotland, which he achieved at Culloden (1746); his cruelties earned him the lasting title of 'Butcher'. In the latter stages of the War of the Austrian Succession he was defeated by Saxe at Langfeld (1747), and in the Seven Years War he had to surrender at Kloster-Zeven (1757), after which he retired.
Bibliography: W A Speck, The Butcher: The Duke of Cumberland and the Suppression of the 45 (1981)
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