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Falkenhayn, Erich von 1861-1922
German soldier

Following a varied military career, he succeeded Helmuth von Moltke as Chief of the German General Staff in 1914. He decided against a German retreat in the West, despite the French success at the first Battle of the Marne (1914) and in 1916 he launched the offensive at the Battle of Verdun. His failure led to his replacement by Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff in 1917. He brilliantly commanded the German forces in the occupation of Romania when it entered the war, and continued to serve successfully as a field commander in Palestine and Lithuania.