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John XXII, originally Jacques Dučse c.1245-1334
French pope

Born in Cahors, he studied canon and civil law at Paris and Orleans, and was the second Pope of Avignon (1316-34). Following his persecution of the Franciscan Spirituals who did not agree with his support of the Franciscan Conventuals, he intervened in the contest for the Crown of the Holy Roman Empire between Louis the Bavarian and Frederick of Austria, in support of the latter. A long conflict ensued both in Germany and Italy between the Guelf (papal) Party and the Ghibelline (imperial) Party. In 1327 Louis entered Italy, was crowned emperor at Rome, deposed John, and set up an antipope, Nicholas V (1328).