Kitchener (of Khartoum and of Broome), Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl 1850-1916
British soldier and statesman

Born near Ballylongford, County Kerry, Ireland, he was educated in Switzerland and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He entered the Royal Engineers in 1871, and served on the Palestine survey (1874-78), the Cyprus survey till 1882, and in the Sudan campaign (1883-85). In 1898 he won back the Sudan for Egypt by the final rout of the Khalifa at Omdurman, and was made a peer. Successively Chief of Staff and Commander-in-Chief in South Africa (1900-02), he brought the Second Boer War to an end. He was then made Commander-in-Chief in India (1902-09), and agent and consul-general in Egypt (1911). He was appointed field marshal and Secretary for War on 7 August 1914, and had recruited a great army (the 'Kitchener armies') for World War I before he was lost with HMS Hampshire (mined off Orkney) on 5 June 1916.

Bibliography: Philip Magnus, Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist (1958)