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Philip the Bold ('le Hardi') 1342-1404
Duke of Burgundy

Born in Pontoise, the youngest son of John, the Good, King of France, he fought at Poitiers (1356) and shared his father's captivity in England. He was made Duke of Burgundy in 1364, and married Margaret, heiress of Flanders, in 1369. In 1382 he subdued a Flemish rebellion at Roosebeke, and soon gained that country (1384-85). His wise government won the esteem of his new subjects. He encouraged arts, manufactures and commerce, and his territory was one of the best governed in Europe. Following the insanity of his nephew, the French king, Charles VI, he became virtual ruler of France.