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Pius II, originally Eneo Silvio de Piccolomini or Aeneas Silvius 1405-64
Italian pope

Born in Corsignano, Republic of Siena, he was employed on diplomatic missions (1432-35) before taking orders and becoming Bishop of Trieste (1447) and a cardinal (1456). As pope (1458-64), he attempted to organize an armed confederation of Christian princes to resist the Turks, following their victory at Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453. One of the most eminent humanist scholars of his age, his works are chiefly historical.