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Rudolf I 1218-91
Uncrowned Holy Roman Emperor, founder of the Habsburg dynasty

He was the most powerful prince in Swabia when he was elected King of Germany (1273), although he was never crowned emperor. He attempted to restore the power of the monarchy by resuming lands and rights usurped by the princes since 1245. His victory at Durnkrüt on the Marchfeld (1278) over Ottokar II of Bohemia, who had occupied Austria and Styria, brought him control of these two duchies, which passed to his son Albert I and became the seat of Habsburg power.