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Selim I, the Grim 1467-1520
Ottoman Sultan of Turkey

In 1512 he dethroned his father, Bayezit II, and caused him, his own brothers, and nephews to be put to death. He declared war against Persia in 1514, and took Diyarbakir and Kurdistan. He later conquered Egypt (1517), Syria and the Hejaz and won from the sherif of Mecca the control of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. He introduced new codes of criminal law, expanded trade, refined the recruitment of janissaries, completed the transfer of government from Edirne to Istanbul, and built a powerful new fleet. He was succeeded by his son, Süleyman the Magnificent.