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Sibelius, Jean Julius Christian 1865-1957
Finnish composer

Born in Hämeenlinna (Tavastehus), he abandoned a legal career to study music. He was a passionate nationalist, and wrote a series of symphonic poems (eg Kullervo, 1892; Swan of Tuonela, 1893) based on episodes in the Finnish oral epic Kalevala. A state grant enabled him to devote himself entirely to composition from 1897, and his seven symphonies, symphonic poems (notably En Saga, 1892, revised 1901; Finlandia, 1899; Tapiola, 1925-26)) and violin concerto have established him as a major 20th-century composer both nationally and internationally.